How to compare these papers
Separate circulating biomarker associations from administered interventions. Check tissue, model and endpoint: altered cellular energy markers do not establish improved clinical function.
This selected archive contains 24 notes in this topic. Groups describe study design, not a quality ranking or a complete systematic review. Publication year is the source paper year.
Questions to take to the original paper
- What material and experimental population were actually studied?
- What was compared, and which endpoint was measured?
- Were results neutral or conflicting, and what remains untested?
Preclinical study
- MOTS-c and host defense: mitochondrial signaling beyond metabolism
MOTS-c · 2026 · Experiments combined bacterial membrane assays, human monocytes, mouse-cell differentiation and an acute mouse infection model.
- MOTS-c and cardiac inflammasomes in diabetic rats
MOTS-c · 2026 · A diet-plus-chemical diabetes model was used to examine systemic markers and inflammasome-associated proteins in rat hearts.
- MOTS-c in cancer cachexia: muscle preservation was incomplete
MOTS-c · 2026 · Researchers studied differentiated muscle cells and mice bearing Colon-26 tumors, measuring muscle mass and metabolic signaling.
- MOTS-c and adrenal metabolism: preparation without hormone stimulation
MOTS-c · 2026 · Rat adrenal tissue was examined after a short continuous exposure, using hormone assays, tissue staining and gene-expression methods.
- MOTS-c in stromal cells: metabolic activation did not restore repair
MOTS-c · 2026 · Human adipose-derived stromal cells were studied in culture and after pretreatment before use in a mouse kidney-injury model.
- Elamipretide and muscle mechanics in an HFpEF rat model
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2026 · Female rats modeling obesity-related heart failure were studied using muscle-force tests, mitochondrial measurements and tissue analyses.
- SS-31 after spinal injury: separating tissue and behavioral endpoints
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2026 · A mouse spinal-contusion model was paired with oxidatively stressed PC12 cells to examine movement, tissue injury and mitochondrial markers.
- Elamipretide in trifunctional-protein deficiency: mixed endpoint responses
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2026 · Genetically deficient mice and patient-derived fibroblasts were used to test mitochondrial function and responses to physiological challenges.
- SS-31 and alpha-synuclein: membrane interaction as a research question
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2026 · Biophysical membrane assays and neuroblastoma-cell experiments examined alpha-synuclein binding, aggregation and mitochondrial stress.
- SS-31 and ozone injury: a pretreatment model
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2026 · Mice and airway epithelial cells received antioxidant interventions before acute ozone exposure, followed by inflammatory and signaling measurements.
- Elamipretide in cryopreservation: higher concentration was not better
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2025 · Rooster sperm samples were frozen in defined extender formulations and evaluated after thawing across several elamipretide concentrations.
- MOTS-c in pancreatic cell lines: insulin and glucagon responses differ
MOTS-c · 2024 · An in-vitro investigation explored endocrine-cell responses and reciprocal peptide regulation.
- Reading a MOTS-c metabolomics study
MOTS-c · 2019 · Blood metabolite patterns offer clues about mechanisms in a diet-induced obesity model.
- MOTS-c: a mitochondrial signal studied in cells and mice
MOTS-c · 2015 · An early mechanistic paper links a mitochondrial-encoded peptide to metabolic signaling.
Human physiology study
- MOTS-c in adolescent PCOS: a study without a clear group difference
MOTS-c · 2026 · Investigators compared serum measurements and one mitochondrial variant in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls.
- MOTS-c in dialysis: the sample compartment changes the story
MOTS-c · 2026 · A pilot study measured MOTS-c in serum, urine and dialysate from thirty-two stable peritoneal-dialysis patients.
- Circulating MOTS-c after weight loss: a small longitudinal study
MOTS-c · 2026 · Researchers compared lean and obese adults, with a small subset measured again after bariatric surgery.
Follow-up study
- TAZPOWER at 168 weeks: what an open-label follow-up can add
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2024 · The longer report followed the same trial program, rather than providing an independent randomized replication.
Mixed evidence
- MOTS-c and CK2: tissue-specific signaling and a genetic variant
MOTS-c · 2024 · The paper combined biochemical and mouse experiments with human genetic observations.
- MOTS-c and exercise: separating mouse results from human observations
MOTS-c · 2021 · Animal intervention experiments and measurements after human exercise answer different questions.
Clinical trial
- MMPOWER-3: a larger trial that did not meet its primary endpoints
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2023 · Negative primary results are an important part of an evidence library.
- TAZPOWER: separating the randomized result from the open-label extension
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2021 · The small Barth-syndrome trial did not meet its primary endpoints in the randomized phase.
- PROGRESS-HF: a neutral ventricular-volume endpoint
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2020 · A phase 2 heart-failure trial found no significant improvement in its primary imaging outcome.
- Early MMPOWER findings: why the statistical analysis matters
Elamipretide (SS-31) · 2018 · A small early study illustrates the difference between promising signals and confirmed outcomes.
These are original reading notes on published studies, not product testimonials. Clinical studies used their own pharmaceutical formulations and protocols; their findings do not establish the safety, efficacy or equivalence of materials in our catalog. No personal-use or treatment guidance is provided.